努力學英文的時候也不能忘記關心時事，現在武漢肺炎疫情延燒，讓台灣人心惶惶，
大家都很想知道面對疫情的來勢洶洶，一般民眾該如何自保，
所以今天比這挑選了這個話題，並且引援美國防疫專家的建議，
希望透過這篇文章，能夠促進大家的英文學習成效並且也提供有用的防疫資訊!
【英文學習】關於武漢肺炎，美國防疫專家告訴你10個方法自保
文章內容出自於
美國權威雜誌《外交政策》網站於2020年1月25日刊登的一篇文章: The Wuhan Virus: How to Stay Safe ，由名防疫專家(有過SARS防疫經驗)羅莉•嘉瑞特（LAURIE GARRETT）所撰寫，告訴我們應對來勢洶洶的「2019新型冠狀病毒」Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)的10個簡單自保方法。
The Wuhan Virus: How to Stay Safe
武漢肺炎:我們該如何自保
As China’s epidemic continues to spread, things may seem scary. Here are 10 simple precautions that can protect you from contracting the coronavirus.
隨著中國的武漢肺炎持續擴散，事態看起來好像岌岌可危。這篇文章要介紹10條簡單的預防措施，能夠幫避免你染上武漢肺炎。
BY LAURIE GARRETT | JANUARY 25, 2020, 2:47 PM
As the new Wuhan coronavirus has spread not only all over mainland China, but also worldwide, panic is rising. Inside China there is a growing sense of helplessness, as the government is compelled to take drastic measures to stop the virus, including introducing some travel restrictions in Beijing. I have received panicked queries from journalists and public health workers in China, asking, “How can we protect ourselves and our families?”
當武漢肺炎的疫情從中國蔓延到全世界，恐慌的情緒也隨之水漲船高。因為中共政府為達防疫而採取決絕的手段，包括限制北京的交通，現在中國內部瀰漫著絕望的氛圍。我收到一些中國記者與公共衛生工作者的驚恐詢問，問我:「我們該怎麼保護自己跟我們的家人?」
單字補充
- not only…but also ph.不僅…而且
- drastic adj.激烈的、極端的
- query v. n.詢問、質問
The epidemic could have been controlled fairly easily three weeks ago had there been more openness, swift action, and no attempted cover-up. But now it’s too late, and this virus is spreading globally.
如果有更開放、迅速的應對，沒有試圖掩蓋疫情的話，武漢肺炎其實可以在3個星期之內被控制住。但是現在說什麼都已經為時已晚，病毒已經全球性擴散了。
單字補充
- epidemic adj. n.傳染性的/傳染病
Because there is no vaccine or treatment for nCoV2019—the Wuhan pneumonia—and infection has spread throughout China, the government is forced to turn to its 2003 SARS playbook. And that means entire cities must be cut off, and the population of the nation must be restricted in its movements and potential disease-spreading behavior. It is not surprising then that travel out of Beijing may be forbidden; the entire mainland could go on lockdown soon.
目前對於nCoV2019—也就是武漢肺炎—並沒有疫苗或治療的方法，而且感染已經遍及整個中國，因此中共政府不得不重啟2003年時應對SARS的防疫措施。這意味著將整個城市隔絕起來，以限制國家人口的流動以及潛在傳染的可能。因此，未來北京可能封城的措舉也就不足為奇了，我想整個中國八成很快就會鎖國。
單字補充
- playbook n.劇本
- potential adj.潛在的、可能的
I know people are very frightened. And I expect panic will rise in the coming days. But very simple measures can protect you.
我知道現在人們都戰戰兢兢，而我預計未來幾天這種恐慌的情緒會進一步升高，但是現在我要告訴你怎麼保護你自己，而且這些方法都非常簡單。
During the SARS epidemic, I traveled all over China and Hong Kong, interviewed people infected with the virus, doctors and nurses treating the disease, government officials, police—everybody. I was never concerned that I would become infected, despite being in the room with sick individuals. And that’s because I knew what precautions to take. Here are the most important ones to know:
在SARS期間，我走遍了中國和香港造訪那些感染者，以及一線的醫生、護理人員，政府官員與警察等等。儘管跟受染者同處一室，但我從未擔心過自己會被感染，這是由於我知道要採取什麼預防措施。
重點如下:
1. When you leave your home, wear gloves—winter mittens or outdoor gloves—and keep them on in subways, buses, and public spaces.
出門時，戴手套—帶冬天的厚手套或戶外手套都行，在捷運、公車上跟在公共場所都要戴著。
2. If you are in a social situation where you should remove your gloves, perhaps to shake hands or dine, do not touch your face or eyes, no matter how much something itches. Keep your hands away from contact with your face. And before you put your gloves back on, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water, scrubbing the fingers. Put your gloves on.
如果遇到一定得脫手套的特殊情況，例如握手或用餐，那麼不管有多癢都絕對不要再用手去碰臉或眼睛。永遠不要用手去碰臉，在你要重新戴上手套之前，用肥皂跟溫水洗手，記得要搓洗指節、徹底清潔，再把手套戴上。
單字補充
- keep … away from ph. (使某人或某物)遠離
3. Change gloves daily, washing them thoroughly, and avoid wearing damp gloves.
每天都要換手套，徹地地清洗它們然後避免戴潮溼的手套。
單字補充
- damp adj. n.潮濕的/濕氣
4. Masks are useless when worn outdoors and may not be very helpful even indoors. Most masks deteriorate after one or two wearings. Using the same mask day after day is worse than useless—it’s disgusting, as the contents of your mouth and nose eventually coat the inside of the mask with a smelly veneer that is attractive to bacteria.
這些情況下即使戴口罩也沒有用—絕大部分口罩不能重複使用，你用重複的口罩比沒戴口罩還要糟糕，這是因為你口鼻裡的東西會附著在口罩內側，最終形成一個臭到爆的、吸引細菌孳生的絕佳溫床。
單字補充
- deteriorate v.惡化、品質下降
- veneer n.膠合板、外飾
- bacteria n.細菌
I rarely wear a face mask in an epidemic, and I have been in more than 30 outbreaks. Instead, I stay away from crowds, and I keep my distance from individual people—a half meter, about 1.5 feet, is a good standard.
我本身在面對疫情時是很少戴口罩的，而我已經接觸超過30起病例了。的確，我遠離人群，同時與其他人保持1.5英尺(半米)的距離。
單字補充
- crowd n.人群
- standard n.標準
If someone is coughing or sneezing, I ask them to put on a mask—to protect me from their potentially contaminated fluids. If they decline, I step a meter (about 3 feet) away from them, or I leave. Don’t shake hands or hug people—politely beg off, saying it’s better for both of you not to come in close contact during an epidemic.
如果有人要咳嗽打噴嚏，那我會要求他們戴上口罩—為了保護我自己不被他們可能受到汙染的體液波及。如果他們拒絕戴口罩，我會跟他們保持一公尺(約3英尺)的距離或離開。不要跟別人握手或擁抱，我禮貌地請求你們不要這樣做，說實在的，在傳染病盛行的其間這樣做對你們彼此都好。
單字補充
- contaminated adj.受汙染的、弄髒的
5. Inside your household, remove all of the towels from your bathrooms and kitchen immediately, and replace them with clean towels that have the names of each family member on them. Instruct everybody in your home to only use their own towels and never touch another family member’s.
立刻把家中浴室跟廚房裡的共用毛巾拿走，以標示了家庭成員個別姓名的毛巾取代，要確定家中每一個人都只用自己專屬的那一條而且不要亂碰別人的。
Wash all towels twice a week. Damp towels provide terrific homes for viruses, like common colds, flus, and, yes, coronaviruses.
每個星期洗兩次毛巾。濕毛巾是病毒滋生的絕佳天堂，這些病毒包含一般感冒、流感，還有沒錯，冠狀病毒。
6. Be careful with doorknobs. If it’s possible to open and close doors using your elbows or shoulders, do so. Wear gloves to turn a doorknob—or wash your hands after touching it. If anybody in your home takes sick, wash your doorknobs regularly.
注意門把的衛生。假如可以用手肘或肩膀開關門的話，那這樣最好!開關們的時候要戴手套，不然就是碰了門把之後要記得洗手。如果你家裡有人生病，那你就要勤洗手。
Similarly, be cautious with stairway banisters, desktops, cell phones, toys, laptops—any objects that are hand-held. As long as you handle only your own personal objects, you will be ok—but if you need to pick up someone else’s cell phone or cooking tools or use someone else’s computer keyboard, be mindful of not touching your face and wash your hands immediately after touching the object.
同樣的，千萬小心樓梯扶手、桌面、手機、玩具、筆電—任何要手持的物品。只有使用自己的個人物品時還算OK，但是假使你需要拿別人的手機、烹調用具或是用別人的電腦鍵盤，那就要很注意，不要用手去摸到自己的臉，而且用完之後要立刻洗手。
單字補充
- banisters n.樓梯扶手、欄杆
- as long as ph.只要…、在此期間…
7. If you share meals, do not use your personal chopsticks and utensils to remove food from a serving bowl or plate and, of course, tell your children to never drink out of anybody else’s cups or from a container of shared fluid. It is customary in China to prepare several dishes for a meal and then allow everybody at the table to use their personal chopsticks to pull food from the common dishes: Don’t do this until the epidemic is over.
不要用自己的餐具跟別人分享食物，把大盤菜餚出來分裝，當然，叮囑你的小孩絕不要用別人杯子或是共乘容器中的液體。在中國習慣上會準備好幾大盤菜，然後讓每個人用自己的筷子去分食:到疫情結束之前絕對不要再這麼做了。
單字補充
- customary adj.習慣上的、習俗的
- dish n.菜餚
Place serving spoons in each dish and instruct everybody at the table to scoop what they want from the serving dishes onto their personal plates or bowls, return the serving spoon to the main dish, and then use their personal chopsticks only to pick food from their personal plate or bowl into their mouth. Wash all food and kitchenware thoroughly between meals and avoid restaurants that have poor hygiene practices.
每一道菜都請準備公筷母匙，讓大家遵守規矩用公筷母匙去舀菜再分裝到每個人自己的碗盤裡，之後再用自己的筷子從自己的碗盤中吃東西。在每餐之間要徹底清洗所有食物跟廚房用具，避免去衛生環境很差的餐廳。
單字補充
- hygiene n.衛生
8. Absolutely do not buy, slaughter, or consume any live animal or fish until it is known what species was the source of the virus.
直到找出武漢肺炎的病毒來源物種之前，都絕對不要購買、屠宰或吃任何野味跟生魚。
單字補充
- species n.種類
9. When the weather allows, open your windows at home or work, letting your space air out. The virus cannot linger in a well-ventilated space. But of course, if it is cold or the weather is inclement, keep warm and close those windows.
天氣允許的話的，在家或工作場所要多開窗，讓你所在的空間空氣流通，病毒無法在通風良好的地方存在很久。但是當然，假如天氣寒冷或天況惡劣，請先保暖並關上窗戶。
單字補充
- ventilate v.使通風、使透氣
- inclement adj.天氣險惡的
10. Finally, if you are caring for a friend or family member who is running a fever, always wear a tight-fitting mask when you are near them, and place one on the ailing person (unless they are nauseated).
最後，如果你正在照顧發燒的親朋好友的話，在跟他們接觸的時候一定要一直戴著緊貼臉部的口罩，而且最好讓病人也帶一個(除非他們很不舒服)。
單字補充
- nauseate v.噁心、作嘔
When you replace an old, dirty mask from the face of your friend or loved one be very, very careful—assume, for the sake of your protection, that it is covered in viruses, and handle it while wearing latex gloves, place it inside of a disposable container, seal it, and then put it in the trash.
當你替親友更換髒舊口罩時，千萬千萬要注意，因為這些舊口罩覆滿了病毒，所以為了自身的安全著想，要丟棄它們的時候要戴上乳膠手套，然後把它們裝進一次性容器並密封好再扔進垃圾桶。
單字補充
- disposable adj.一次性的
- container n.容器（如箱、盒、罐等）
While wearing those latex gloves, gently wash the patient’s face with warm soap and water, using a disposable paper towel or cotton swab, and seal it after use in a container or plastic bag before placing it in your household trash.
戴上乳膠手套時，用一次性紙巾、棉花棒加上肥皂跟溫水替病人輕柔地清潔臉部，使用後將其密封在容器或垃圾袋中，才能丟到家裡的垃圾桶。
Wear long-sleeved shirts and clothing that covers your body when you are caring for your ailing friend or relative. Clean everything your patient wears or touches very thoroughly in hot soapy water, including sheets, towels, and utensils.
當你在照顧生病的親朋好友時，穿著長袖和可以包覆身體的服裝，用熱肥皂水徹底清潔病人任何穿過、碰過的東西，包括床單、毛巾跟餐具。
單字補充
- utensils n.器皿、用具
If you have space, isolate the sick person in your household in a room, or a corner of a room, where they are comfortable, but separated from the rest of the household.
如果你家裡有空間的話，在家中設置一間房間或是房間的一角來隔離病人，只要是病人感覺自在又能與其他家人分隔的地方就行。
If the weather is tolerable, open a window that is on the opposite side of the room, so that air gently blows past the patient’s face and then outdoors. Of course, don’t do this if it is very cold, as your friend or loved one will be made sicker if uncomfortably cold.
假使天氣可以忍受，打開房間對窗讓空氣流通。當然，在天氣超冷的時候就別這麼做，搞不好你的親友會因為冷到不舒服而得感冒。
單字補充
- tolerable adj.可容忍的
The Chinese government will take very drastic actions over the next few weeks, and this will be a time of hardship for the Chinese people. As the virus spreads in other countries, similarly draconian measures may be invoked to slow the epidemic.
中共政府在未來幾個星期將採取非常激烈的手段，這對中國老百姓而言將是一段艱難的時光，而隨著病毒在其他國家的蔓延，可能引起其他國家也採取嚴厲措施來減緩疫情。
單字補充
- invoke v.引起、造成
But with these simple precautions, if taken by everybody in your household, building, office, and school, you will dramatically reduce the spread of the virus and bring the outbreak to its knees.
但是如果你家裡、辦公室跟學校裡的人都採取了這些簡單的預防措施，那就能大大減少病毒的傳播並平緩疫情了。
單字補充
- precaution n.預防措施
- bring sb/sth to their knees ph.摧毀或擊敗某人、某物
Be safe. Do not panic. Take commonsense precautions. As frightening as this time is, you will get through it.
注意安全，不要恐慌，採取常識性預防措施。這樣一來，儘管這次疫情讓人覺得很可怕，但你會安然度過的。
看完專家撰寫的文章，大家是不是對防疫更有信心了呢?
希望同學在準備英文學習的同時，也別忘了要注意個人衛生，尤其是在疫情比較嚴重的現在。
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